Stem cells – perspectives and dangers

Agnieszka Banaś-Ząbczyk
Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, Poland

Abstract

Stem cells compose a „reservoir” of potential cells at various stages of development that can be used for the restoration and regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. Under proper conditions, stem cells may differentiate into specialized tissues and organs. They are self-sustaining and can replicate themselves for a long time. These unique features make them a promising tool for studies on therapy for diseases such as chronic liver disease, heart stroke, spinal injuries, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, retinal degeneration, diabetes mellitus and many others. Stem cells can be classified into three major categories according to their developmental status: embryonic as well as fetal and adult (postnatal). Each represents diverse differentiation potentials and different potential applications. Embryonic stem cells have enormous potential. Many limitations, however, such as teratoma formation followed by tumorigenesis, immunogenicity, and ethical issues, are hampering their clinical usage. Adult human stem cells are promising candidates for the development of stem cell-based therapies, and their usage sidesteps obstacles such as ethical concerns and risks of rejection. In this manuscript presented perspectives, hopes as well as dangers and limitations regarding the usage of stem cells.

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