Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of HIV infection – comparison of “Berlin patient”, “London patient” and “Dusseldorf patient”

Anna Brzyska
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Julia Bogucka
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Małgorzata Kinga Bojarska
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Natalia Anna Domańska
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Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna
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Students’ Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Students’ Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Students’ Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Students’ Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Chair and Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Received: 8 June 2023 / Revised: 26 July 2023 / Accepted: 2 August 2023 / Published: 30 December 2023

Abstract

Introduction and aim. Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) remains one of the major issues in global public health. The standard therapy for HIV-1 positive patients includes using antiretroviral therapy (ART). These medications ensure suppression of viral replication but do not lead to a cure for the patient. The aim of this study was to present hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a malignant treatment method which led to cure for three HIV-1 positive patients. Material and methods. Literature available in April 2023 was searched by using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were selected using the following words: HIV, AIDS, HSCT therapy, ART therapy.

Analysis of the literature. In each case of these described HSCT, the donor of hematopoietic stem cells had a homozygous mutation in the HIV co-receptor CCR5 (CCR5Δ32/Δ32). This mutation leads to a permanent lack of the protein and prevents penetration of virus by using this receptor. After transplantation, all of these 3 patients remained virus-free despite discontinuation of ART therapy.

Conclusion. More research is needed to reduce the risk of using HSCT and perhaps in the future be able to use this therapy in all HIV-infected people.

 

Cite

Brzyska A, Bogucka J, Bojarska MK, Domańska NA, Piecewicz-Szczęsna H. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of HIV infection – comparison of “Berlin patient”, “London patient” and “Dusseldorf patient”. Eur J Clin Exp Med. 2023;21(4):880–886. doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.8.

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