The aim of the study is a review of current literature on the prevalence of psychosocial problems and to raise awareness and skills of identification of associations between the presence of chronic illness, disability, and mental disorders, social neglect and drug use in the chronically ill and disabled. Presented the causes of the psychological and social disorders in chronically ill and disabled. Psychiatric disorders have been described resulting from damage to different brain structures. Presented the phenomenon of the post – traumatic stress disorder, psychobiological disturbances and homilopathy. The authors suggest the need to recognize the problems of disabled and chronically ill in the context of their treatment – rehabilitation. Treating the patient as a subject of this process is one of the fundamental components of effective physiotherapy. Thus confirm the validity of assumptions concerning the Polish Model of Rehabilitation.