For some patients, the only effective treatment is now an organ transplantation. In many Polish medical centers not only transplanted kidney, but also the liver, heart, pancreas, bone marrow, lungs, cornea, and even the colon. Transplants must be consistent with current medical knowledge and law. The law isolated two basic types of transplantation: ex vivo and ex mortuo. This article presents the legal issues of organ transplantation as method of treatment in Poland. Keywords: transplantation, organ donor, recipient.